Pd(II)-Catalyzed ß-C(sp3)-H Alkynylation of Alanine in Di- and Tripeptides with Asn as an Endogenous Directing Group.

The introduction of alkyne moieties into peptides remains in demand as it represents a promising approach for further structural diversification of peptides. Herein, we describe the Pd(II)-catalyzed C(sp3)-H alkynylation of Ala-Asn-embedded di- and tripeptides using Asn as the endogenous lead group. In addition, a key building block for the glycopeptide Tyc4PG-14 and Tyc4PG-15 was produced by our methodology.

Predictors of post-stroke depression: the perspective from the social convoy model.

BACKGROUND: Post-stroke depression (PSD) as one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders after a stroke and is caused by many factors. However, the relationships among different factors and their potential contributions to PSD remain unclear. METHODS: Two hundred and seventy-six patients were recruited into this study. The general information questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Perceived Social Support Scale, the Family Assessment Device, the General Well-Being Scale, the Barthel Index, and the modified Rankin Scale were used to assess the condition of patients. Subsequently, we identify the main causes associated with the PSD and then performed a path analysis to clarify the direct, indirect and total effects among the variables. RESULTS: We found that age, stroke with coronary heart disease, neurological function, family function, social support, and general well-being had a significant impact on PSD (P < 0.05). Of these, neurological function had the largest total effect on PSD (ß = 0.451), social support contributed the most as a direct effect (ß = -0.306), and family function showed the largest indirect effect (ß = -0.264). CONCLUSION: Individual, disease, and social-psychological factors all contributed to the development of PSD. We should pay more attention to comprehensive assessment, especially for those with poor neurological function, and lacking family or social support. In addition, it would be preferable to provide them with necessary support and care strategies to reduce the incidence of PSD.